Between 1573 and 1580 an entirely new fortress went up on the other bank, paid for by Archbishop Anton Vrančič and designed by two Italian engineers, the brothers Ottavio and Giulio Baldigara. It was a Renaissance star fort: a six-pointed outline with a bastion at every point, so that anyone climbing the wall could be shot at from the side by the neighbouring bastion. The ramparts were built low, thick and of earth, meant to swallow a cannonball rather than shatter like a tall medieval wall. It was finished on 2 October 1580, and a town began to grow inside it.V rokoch 1573 – 1580 vyrástla na druhom brehu úplne nová pevnosť. Zaplatil ju arcibiskup Anton Vrančič a navrhli ju dvaja talianski inžinieri, bratia Ottavio a Giulio Baldigarovci. Bola to renesančná hviezdicová pevnosť: šesťcípy pôdorys s bastiónom v každom cípe, aby na útočníka, ktorý zlieza hradbu, mohli strieľať zboku zo susedného bastiónu. Valy postavili nízke, mohutné a hlinené — delovú guľu mali pohltiť, nie sa pod ňou rozsypať ako vysoký stredoveký múr. Pevnosť dokončili 2. októbra 1580 a vnútri nej začalo rásť mesto.
