1919 – 1938What the republic built, and what it withheldČo republika postavila a čo zadržala
SlovakiaSlovensko
The twenty years of the First Republic gave Slovakia things it had never had. Slovak became the language of the school and the office; Comenius University opened in Bratislava in 1919, the first university on Slovak soil since 1490; Matica slovenská was allowed to reopen the same year; Slovak-language secondary schools were built where for two generations there had been none. Bratislava became the seat of a Slovak administration for the first time in history. What the republic did not give was the self-government promised at Pittsburgh: the constitution recognised one 'Czechoslovak nation' with two branches, there was no Slovak diet, and many senior posts went to Czechs because Slovakia had few trained officials of its own. That grievance, sharpened by the Great Depression, which hit Slovakia's weak industry hard, is what made Hlinka's Slovak People's Party the strongest political force in the country by the late 1930s.Dvadsať rokov prvej republiky dalo Slovensku veci, ktoré predtým nemalo. Slovenčina sa stala rečou školy aj úradu, v Bratislave otvorili roku 1919 Univerzitu Komenského — prvú vysokú školu na Slovensku od roku 1490 — v tom istom roku smela obnoviť činnosť Matica slovenská a stredné školy so slovenským vyučovacím jazykom vznikali tam, kde dve generácie nebola ani jedna. Bratislava sa prvý raz v dejinách stala sídlom slovenskej správy. Čo republika nedala, bola samospráva sľúbená v Pittsburghu: ústava poznala jeden „československý národ“ s dvoma vetvami, slovenský snem neexistoval a mnohé vyššie miesta obsadili Česi, lebo Slovensko malo vlastných vyškolených úradníkov málo. Práve táto krivda — a k tomu hospodárska kríza, ktorá slabý slovenský priemysel zasiahla tvrdo — spravila z Hlinkovej slovenskej ľudovej strany koncom 30. rokov najsilnejšiu politickú silu v krajine.
What the republic built, and what it withheldČo republika postavila a čo zadržala
ReferencesZdroje
Where this came fromOdkiaľ to pochádza
Sources consulted while researching this page. Follow them to read further — and to check us.Zdroje, z ktorých sme pri príprave tejto stránky vychádzali. Kliknite a čítajte ďalej — aj si nás overte.
Černová massacre — Wikipediadate, 15 killed and 12 seriously wounded, gendarmes' own nationalitydate, 15 killed and 12 seriously wounded, gendarmes' own nationality
Magyarization — Wikipediathe 1907 Apponyi education laws, the closing of the Slovak grammar schools and of Matica slovenská in April 1875the 1907 Apponyi education laws, the closing of the Slovak grammar schools and of Matica slovenská in April 1875
Žiadosti slovenského národa — Wikipédia10 May 1848, fourteen points, the arrest warrants of May–June 184810 May 1848, fourteen points, the arrest warrants of May–June 1848
Slovak Uprising of 1848–49 — Wikipediathe three volunteer campaigns and the disbanding of the corps on 21 November 1849the three volunteer campaigns and the disbanding of the corps on 21 November 1849
Pittsburgh Agreement — Wikipediathe Cleveland Agreement of 22 October 1915 and the text of the Pittsburgh promisesthe Cleveland Agreement of 22 October 1915 and the text of the Pittsburgh promises
Slovak–Hungarian War — Wikipediathe 'Little War' of March 1939 and the 1,697 km² ceded on 4 April 1939the 'Little War' of March 1939 and the 1,697 km² ceded on 4 April 1939
Slovak National Uprising — Wikipediainsurgent numbers, territory held, the fall of Banská Bystrica on 27 October 1944insurgent numbers, territory held, the fall of Banská Bystrica on 27 October 1944
Kremnička and Nemecká massacres — Wikipedia747 victims at Kremnička, about 900 at Nemecká, the units responsible747 victims at Kremnička, about 900 at Nemecká, the units responsible
Masaker v Kľakovskej doline — Wikipédia21 January 1945, 148 civilians including 48 children under eighteen21 January 1945, 148 civilians including 48 children under eighteen
Battle of the Dukla Pass — Wikipedia8 September – 28 October 1944 and the casualty figures8 September – 28 October 1944 and the casualty figures
Kalinov — Wikipédiathe first village in Slovakia liberated, 21 September 1944the first village in Slovakia liberated, 21 September 1944
Slovak Greek Catholic Church — Wikipediathe staged Prešov assembly of April 1950, Bishop Gojdič, the 1968 restorationthe staged Prešov assembly of April 1950, Bishop Gojdič, the 1968 restoration
