Mines, guilds and the EnlightenmentBane, cechy a osvietenstvo
1781 – 1790Joseph II, the king who refused the crownJozef II., kráľ, ktorý sa nedal korunovať
SlovakiaSlovensko
Maria Theresa's son Joseph II refused to be crowned king of Hungary so that the coronation oath could not tie his hands — people called him the king in a hat — and in 1784 he had the crown itself taken from the tower at Pressburg to Vienna. His Patent of Toleration, published for Hungary on 25 October 1781, let Lutherans, Calvinists and the Orthodox worship openly, build churches and hold office again after a century of pressure; in 1785 he abolished serfdom here, so that a peasant could move away, marry or send a child to school without his lord's permission. He also dissolved hundreds of monasteries and replaced Latin with German as the language of government, which enraged the nobility — and made educated Slovaks ask what their own language was good for. Within a few years Anton Bernolák had published the first codification of written Slovak, in 1787; on his deathbed in 1790 Joseph revoked almost everything he had decreed, keeping only toleration and the end of serfdom.Syn Márie Terézie Jozef II. sa odmietol dať korunovať za uhorského kráľa, aby ho korunovačná prísaha nezväzovala — ľudia mu preto hovorili klobúkový kráľ — a roku 1784 dal samotnú korunu odviezť z prešporskej veže do Viedne. Jeho tolerančný patent, vyhlásený pre Uhorsko 25. októbra 1781, dovolil evanjelikom, kalvínom a pravoslávnym po storočí útlaku znova verejne vyznávať vieru, stavať kostoly a zastávať úrady; roku 1785 u nás zrušil nevoľníctvo, takže sa poddaný mohol odsťahovať, oženiť alebo dať dieťa do školy bez dovolenia zemepána. Zrušil aj stovky kláštorov a namiesto latinčiny zaviedol do úradov nemčinu, čo šľachtu rozzúrilo — a vzdelaných Slovákov to prinútilo pýtať sa, na čo je dobrá ich vlastná reč. O pár rokov, roku 1787, vydal Anton Bernolák prvú kodifikáciu spisovnej slovenčiny; Jozef II. na smrteľnej posteli roku 1790 odvolal takmer všetko, čo nariadil, a ponechal len toleranciu a zrušenie nevoľníctva.
Joseph II, the king who refused the crownJozef II., kráľ, ktorý sa nedal korunovať
ReferencesZdroje
Where this came fromOdkiaľ to pochádza
Sources consulted while researching this page. Follow them to read further — and to check us.Zdroje, z ktorých sme pri príprave tejto stránky vychádzali. Kliknite a čítajte ďalej — aj si nás overte.
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